Liquid cooling, air cooling, and heating systems that keep batteries operating in their optimal temperature range. Critical for high-power applications, extreme environments, and long cycle life.
Cold plate and immersion cooling for high-power applications. Precise temperature control within ±2°C across the pack. Essential for high C-rate discharge, fast charging, and containerized ESS installations.
Fan-based air cooling for moderate-power applications. Intake filtration, ducted airflow design, and variable-speed fans controlled by BMS temperature data. Cost-effective for rack-mount modules and smaller packs.
Self-heating packs and external heating pads for cold environment operation. Automatic pre-heating before charge/discharge cycles. Essential for outdoor ESS, cold storage facilities, and northern climate deployments.
Cell-level temperature monitoring with rapid-response shutdown. Thermal propagation barriers between cells and modules. Fire suppression integration for containerized and large-format systems.
Multi-point NTC thermistor arrays for cell-level temperature sensing. Real-time data fed to BMS for dynamic charge/discharge rate adjustment. Historical logging for warranty and performance analysis.
Container-level HVAC systems for large ESS installations. Climate control with humidity management. BMS-coordinated operation for optimal energy efficiency and battery performance.